No increase for the risk of prostate cancer for men who undergo a vasectomy according to Mayo Clinic Study

According to Mayo Clinic researchers in a study published in July of 2017, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, there is no association between vasectomy and any form of prostate cancer. The researchers who published the story were from the main Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota.

In the past, studies about the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer have shown conflicting results.

A number of studies in the late 1980s and in the early 1990s suggested an association between vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer. In recent years, some studies have reported an association and some have not; all this discrepancy has contributed to the debate over whether there is indeed a link.

The Mayo Clinic researchers conducted a comprehensive review of previous studies and did a meta-analysis to determine if a vasectomy is associated with any form of prostate cancer, including high-risk prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer, and lethal prostate cancer. A meta-analysis covers the combined findings of multiple studies.

Several types of research, including cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were covered by the study.

The definition of a cohort study is one that covers people who share a common characteristic or experience in a particular period. A case-control study compares two groups whose disease outcomes are different to try to find a reason for the difference. A cross-sectional study looks at information about a population at a point in time.

The Mayo Clinic analysis included 16 cohort, 33 case-control, and four cross-sectional studies. Together, the 53 studies covered almost 14.7 million patients.

The researchers wrote: “Of these, seven cohort studies (44%), 26 case-control studies (79%), and all four cross-sectional studies were deemed to have a moderate to high risk” of biased findings.

When the team focused on studies they considered to have a low risk of bias, they found a week association between vasectomy and prostate cancer in seven cohort studies. They also found an insignificant association between the two elements in six case-control studies.

“The association between vasectomy and prostate cancer was stronger when studies with moderate to high risk of bias were included,” the team wrote.

Overall, the findings supported the notion that there is no association between vasectomy and high-grade, advanced-stage, or fatal prostate cancer.

The study concluded: “Although patients should be appropriately counseled, concerns about the risk of prostate cancer should not preclude clinicians from offering vasectomy to couples seeking long-term contraception.”

The How’s and Why’s of Prostate Cancer Recurrence

Why and how does prostate cancer return? It’s important to face your fears and learn the facts.

With an overall five-year survival rate of close to 98 percent, prostate cancer is considered one of the most “curable” forms of cancer. However, many men continue to have the fear that their cancer persists long after the cancer itself may be gone. It is human nature to wonder “What if it comes back?” Some research studies done have estimated that as many as 70 percent of cancer patients are plagued with anxiety over a relapse. Patients should discuss these feelings, deal with them, and have a conversation with their doctor about their risk level.

Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Recurrence

Before patients start worrying they need to understand what their risk of recurring prostate cancer really is. According to the Prostate Cancer Foundation, about 90 percent of all prostate cancer cases are diagnosed in the local or regional stages, when the five-year survival rate is nearly 100 percent. The majority men will be cancer-free throughout that time and beyond. Around 20 to 30 percent of cases, the cancer will relapse after the five-year mark.

If prostate cancer does come back, it may return in (or close to) the site of the original cancer, which is called a local recurrence. The cancer may also show up in the bones or other distant places, which is called a metastasis.

Listed below are risk factors that can help determine if a man’s prostate cancer is likely to return:

• The stage of your cancer at diagnosis. The higher the stage of prostate cancer at diagnosis, the greater the likelihood of a recurrence.
• Where the cancer spread. If your prostate cancer spread to the lymph nodes, you may be at an increased risk of recurring prostate cancer.
• The tumor itself. The larger the tumor at diagnosis, the greater the risk of a prostate cancer recurrence.
• Your Gleason score. This system measures what type of cancer cells are in the tumor, and how aggressive they are. The higher the score, the greater the risk of prostate cancer recurrence.

At the time of the initial diagnosis there are also certain warning signs that the prostate cancer could recur. Doctors might find certain measures of aggressiveness during the biopsy that initially diagnoses prostate cancer, and these could indicate the likelihood of a recurrence. Very aggressive tumors have more tendency to recur.

If Prostate Cancer Returns There Are Treatment Options Available

The prostate cancer treatment that is best for you will depend on the treatment you first received to battle the cancer. Hormone therapy, radiation and chemotherapy are all options to treat recurring prostate cancer.

Dealing With Your Fear

Make sure to discuss your concerns about prostate cancer recurrence with your doctor. It’s important not to let fear and anxiety lead to depression and other emotional and mental health issues. Talking about your concerns and being educated on your risks and treatment options can help in preparing for what may happen.

Your Job; How it Can Be Affected by Prostate Cancer

Many patients are very concerned about keeping their job after receiving a prostate cancer diagnosis.

It can require quite a bit of time away from work once a patient is undergoing prostate cancer treatment. Money and health insurance are two pressing concerns for any patient during prostate cancer treatment, so how it will affect your job is an important consideration.

Prostate Cancer Diagnosis; What About Missing Work?

Whether you have surgery, hormone therapy or radiation treatment to treat prostate cancer, there will be side effects of each that may require you to miss work. Most patients need time off to have surgery and recover (anywhere from a week to more than a month), and radiation treatment appointments for prostate cancer may cause you to miss work regularly for a long period.

It is important to consider the options your employer offers to allow time off to take care of your health.

• FMLA. The Family and Medical Leave Act is a federal law that allows you up to 12 weeks off work, unpaid, to take care of a health condition. There are conditions to such leave: Your employer must have 50 or more employees, and you must be a full-time employee. You are also required to have been employed by the company for at least one year before you can take FMLA. Ask your employer if you qualify.
• Disability pay. Your employer may offer short-term or long-term disability, or your state government may provide it. These programs allow you to receive a certain percentage of your pay if you are unable to work because of a health condition. Ask your employer if any disability pay is offered through your benefits. Disability insurance policies can be bought independently; ask an insurance agent or a financial planner.
There will also need to be time devoted to managing health care bills and the paperwork relating to your prostate cancer treatment for insurance purposes. You will want track doctor’s visits, hospital visits, treatment dates, and medications that you’ve taken and received. Develop a good filing system so you can. Develop a good system to file all paperwork from your health care providers and your insurer.

Co-Workers May Be Glad To Lend Their Support

You may find that co-workers are a great source of support during and after prostate cancer, and you should tell them as much or as little about your situation and prognosis as you are comfortable with.

Keeping Up With Your Work During Prostate Cancer Treatment

It is a good idea to try to keep up with your work as much as you are able to while you’re out, or during your intermittent time out of the office. Try to talk to colleagues about handling some of your work, and make sure that meetings and deadlines aren’t missed while you’re gone; if possible, see if someone else can cover for you. Many patients also try making a to-do list of everything that you’re working on, so that your manager and co-workers are kept up to date.

If you can investigate the work-related benefits available to you early after your diagnosis can provide peace of mind. If you can keep the communication lines open at work you’ll feel more comfortable knowing that people are there for you.

Prostate Cancer: Coping With the Disease By Using Relaxation Techniques

It’s been proven that simple relaxation techniques can actually help ease the stress and anxiety of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Patients who have received a diagnosis of prostate cancer can feel stress, anxiety and even depression. It may seem overwhelming to deal with a diagnosis of prostate cancer, the treatments for it, and the side effects. These feelings are perfectly normal. Learning to manage that stress is can be an important positive step to managing your condition.

According to a recent study, easing stress prior to prostate cancer surgery could help speed up both physical and psychological recovery. Researchers followed more than 150 men and found that those who underwent stress management sessions prior to their treatment experienced higher immunity and improved mental health months after the operation.

If you feel like your stress and anxiety are completely out of hand, by all means talk with your doctor. But there are some simple steps you can take to help you feel more calm.

Learn Some Techniques to Help You Relax

Four great ways for patients to learn to help themselves are through relaxation, breathing, medication, and guided imagery. The beauty of these tools is that they can help you get through almost any kind of stress over and above medical issues. Meditation can help center a person and give them balance and a calm feeling. Prostate cancer patients have many ways to teach their bodies to relax and release stress.

• Guided imagery. When you feel stressed or anxious, try creating a picture in your mind of peace and calmness.

• Relax your muscles. This is an exercise you can do just about anywhere. Focus on your body then tighten and release the muscles section by section. Once you experience how different each sensation feels, you can become more aware of a relaxed feeling. Many people start by relaxing their toes and work up to their head and neck.

• Breathe slowly and deeply. Take a long, slow, deep breath in through your nose. Breathe in until your chest and lungs are full of air. Hold it and then after a second or two, slowly breathe out.

• Meditation. This is another exercise that you can do just about anywhere. Even while resting, walking, receiving treatment, or simply sitting in your doctor’s office. Clear your mind of all thoughts to relieve stress.

How These Relaxation Techniques Help Prostate Cancer Patients

There are physical health benefits that come as a result of alleviating stress. Reductions in stress can slow heart and breathing rates, lower blood pressure levels, reduce muscle tension, and increase blood flow in the muscles.

Patients who practice these relaxation methods are often:
• More energetic.
• Able to do more during the day.
• Experiencing less pain.
• Experiencing less anger.
• Better able to concentrate, problem-solve, and make decisions.

Prostate Cancer; When Watchful Waiting is the Answer

Patients are used to asking the question, “When do we starting treating it and what type of treatment will we use?”. But with prostate cancer in many cases the answer could be “We’re not going to treat it.” The “wait and see” approach may well be the right option for your prostate cancer.

Watchful Waiting/Active Surveillance

Also called “active surveillance” the term “watchful waiting” describes one way to “treat” prostate cancer. It is used to describe cases where the prostate cancer patient has opted to refuse surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, and any other medication to treat the prostate cancer. Instead of treatment doctors will rely on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests and digital rectal exams (DRE) to monitor disease progression. If and when one of these tests show that the cancer is progressing, at that time other more active treatment options may be considered.

Certain types of prostate cancer can be very slow to progress; some men who have it will never experience any symptoms or problems. Occasionally the disease can actually be less damaging than the treatment. Prostate cancer can be monitored regularly with frequent testing — about every six months — and without surgery or radiation. According to a large, long-term study of nearly 800 men with prostate cancer, the risk of dying from a “low-risk” tumor is similar whether you choose observation or treatment.

Are You a Good Candidate for Watchful Waiting?

Not all patients are good candidates for watchful waiting. Younger men or men who have aggressive prostate cancer are often recommended to take a more proactive approach to treatment, but older men who are concerned about side effects — commonly, impotence and incontinence —may want to consider watchful waiting.

The following are other factors that can indicate whether watchful waiting is a viable treatment method for a prostate cancer patient:

• Early stage diagnosis. The earlier the stage at diagnosis, the more time a prostate cancer patient may have in determining what treatment plan is best.
• Short life expectancy. If a man has a life expectancy of less than five years for other medical reasons he may opt for watchful waiting.
• Having another serious health condition. If a patient is struggling with another disease or health condition, they may not want to proceed with surgery or radiation for prostate cancer at the same time.
• Gleason score. When the cancer is not aggressive and is slow to progress, a man may have a low Gleason score. This patient may consider watchful waiting as an option.

Caring for a Partner With Prostate Cancer

How to Care for a Partner With Prostate Cancer

The whole world can seem to change in an instant when a you find out that your partner has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. Both of you will probably feel overwhelmed, and afraid. It will most likely be a confusing time for both of you.

The Best Thing to do is to Learn What to Expect

You both should take steps to educate yourself about the disease. In this case knowledge can certainly be power. There are many possible side effects of both the cancer and the types of treatments that you should be prepared for. These can include:

Infertility.
A man can be rendered infertile due to prostate cancer treatment, whether it be surgery or radiation therapy. For partners that want to have children after treatment, if is recommended to investigate options such as sperm banking pre-treatment.

Sex life changes.
It is common for men to experience erectile dysfunction (impotence) after treatment for prostate cancer. It may be temporary or permanent depending on the treatment.

Changes in urination/bowel issues.
Lack of control/urinary incontinence can be a common after prostate cancer treatment. Bowel issues such as diarrhea can be long-term effects of some kinds of radiation therapy.

Hormonal changes.
Numerous side effects can occur from the hormone therapy used to treat prostate cancer. These side effects can include weight gain, and muscle loss, fatigue, low sex drive, hot flashes, and brittle bones.

Subtle hormonal changes could be evident as well including memory and multi-tasking difficulties. For example, hormone deprivation therapy can potentially have some subtle, cognitive (thought process) effects in the men prescribed this treatment. The knowledge you can gain about the types of side effects that can occur, and what you can do about them, can empower you and help you and your partner know when/how to take action.

Prostate Cancer Caregiving: More Tips
Your partner will need you to be there to listen. Make sure to encourage him in his treatments by going to doctor’s appointments, treatment sessions, and tests. Make sure that he knows that you want to be a part of this process with him. You are the best person to encourage him to look forward to the life he can enjoy once his treatments are completed and successful.

You Are Important Too
Some find it helpful to join a group for caregivers of prostate cancer patients. It can be a good place to share your experiences with others.

Erectile Dysfunction and Prostate Cancer

Erectile Dysfunction and Prostate Cancer

Sexual function is an important topic but one that men might not put at the top of their priority list after receiving a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Many men fear impotence as a side effect of the treatment/disease.

Prostate Cancer Treatment; Why Erectile Dysfunction May Occur As A Result

The side effect of impotence may be a result of the treatment options for prostate cancer which may include surgery or radiation. Both of these two treatment options can affect the nerves surrounding the prostate that enable a man to have an erection.

One of the primary reasons for impotence as a side effect is that the prostate gland surrounds the base of the bladder and the base of the penis, and consequently nerves that are related to both sexual function and urinary function can be damaged either by the prostate cancer cells themselves or by the treatment. An impact on these nerves is fairly common; it all depends on where the cancer is located.

In a radical prostatectomy, the nerves may be removed or they may become damaged. In some occasions even when there is no nerve damage, impotence may still occur in men who have had surgery to treat prostate cancer. In these cases it could be that the veins and blood vessels in and around the penis have sustained damage during surgery, which can affect the ability to have an erection.
When undergoing radiation therapy, prostate cancer patients may experience damage to the blood vessels to the penis, and therefore issues with impotency may occur over time.

Which Men Are Affected?

Your age, sexual health and the type of treatment that you received can all determine wow likely you are to become impotent following prostate cancer treatment.
Younger me (40 to 49) and those men who have had healthy erections before prostate cancer treatment are more likely to be able to achieve erections after treatment. Men with tumors that have grown beyond the prostate are more likely to experience erectile dysfunction.

The risk of impotence is much lower if the patient has nerve-sparing surgery. However, if the nerves are damaged during this type of surgery, many men may still experience some temporary erectile dysfunction for 2 to 18 months afterward.

What You Can Do About Erectile Dysfunction

A strong relationship with your partner in addition to patience and the passing of time can help improve your sexual health after prostate cancer treatments. Most men feel anxious and worried about this side effect, but doctors should be counseling patients and advising them that the nerves around the prostate require time to heal.

Studies have shown that couples counseling can be of great help to men after prostate cancer treatment. There are also several medications and devices that may help:

• Prescription medications. A number of prescription medications that can be taken orally, including such brand names as Levitra, Cialis and Viagra. These drugs help to increase blood flow to the penis. They work best in prostate cancer patients who still have healthy nerve bundles on each side of the prostate.

• Medication injections. To help increase blood flow and stimulate an erection there are medications that can be injected into the side of the penis. Once a doctor shows you how to administer them the injections can be given at home by a partner.

• Surgical implants. Some men choose a permanent penile implant that can be surgically inserted in the penis to facilitate erections.

• External devices. A pump attached to a tube that covers the penis and creates a vacuum is an option. This stimulates an erection by increasing blood flow to the penis. For a short period of time s ring may also be placed on the penis to maintain an erection.

It is important to note that not every man who gets treated for prostate cancer will experience erectile dysfunction. Men should talk with their doctor about treatment options and medical devices and drugs that can be used post-surgery.
Continue reading→

When You Have Prostate Cancer Make Physical Activity a Priority

From improving your mood to helping you fight fatigue; physical activity can have lots of benefits when you have prostate cancer, from improving your mood to fighting fatigue. Physical activity doesn’t have to mean something of the level of running a marathon or climbing a mounting. There are many small ways to encourage yourself to get more active; move more. Talk to your doctor and ask for a good exercise plan that meets your personal needs.

Activity Can Help Ease Treatment Side Effects

For patients that are getting hormone therapy for their prostate cancer, exercise can help with some of the side effects, some of which can be similar to those that women get during menopause. Some of the potential problems with hormone therapy can be osteoporosis, hot flashes, issues with sexual libido and weight gain. Staying physically active can help minimize these side effects.

Physical Activity Can Improve Your Treatment Options

There are a wide variety of reasons to keep up your fitness level throughout your life, however for prostate cancer patients research suggests that physical activity activates certain genetic pathways in your body, which can help improve how well medicines work.

Try to Keep Your Weight To a Normal Level.

Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center conducted a study that suggests the risk of dying from prostate cancer is more than double in obese men diagnosed with the disease, compared with men of normal weight. Men that are obese and have cancer that is limited to a specific area, have nearly four times the risk of their cancer spreading.

Activity Can Help You Beat Fatigue

Cancer treatments can often make patients feel tired. This is due to many factors including anemia, chemotherapy and radiation side effects, depression, and the cancer itself.

People often think that exercising when you are fatigued sounds counterproductive, but it is indeed a good way to combat fatigue. Researchers have proved that people with cancer who exercise regularly have 40%-50% less fatigue than those who don’t.

Activity Can Be a Mood Booster

Keeping your spirits up is easier when you are physically active. It’s a way to have control over your body in a good way. Exercise for prostate cancer patients can really help make them feel more positive.

What Activity Is Best For You?

Experts say that the ideal exercise/activity plan includes three parts: an activity like a brisk walk to get your heart pumping, strength training such as lifting weights to build muscle, and stretching to keep your muscles and joints limber.

For patients that weren’t physically active before their diagnosis, the advice is to start slowly. Each day just do a little more and a little more. Don’t strain yourself at the start of your new regime or you will just get discouraged. It’s fine to being with a simply 10-minute walk and work your way up slowly to a level such as 30 minutes, 5 days a week.

Your Relationship And The Effects Of Advanced Prostate Cancer

When a patient gets a diagnosis of advanced prostate cancer many things can change. One of those can be their relationship with their partner. There are ways to respond to this situation that can be helpful to the relationship.

What Can You Expect?

The statement “Knowledge is power” can be very apropos in this kind of circumstance. Understanding the physical and sexual side effects that could occur during or after prostate cancer treatment, will help couples be better prepared to handle them.

Your doctor can help you understand the symptoms a patient might experience and how to best manage them. It’s important that both partners understand this information.

It is very common for men who go through prostate cancer treatment have trouble getting or maintaining an erection in the first few months after treatment. On occasion these problems can be long-lasting.

Strong medicine is used in advanced prostate cancer including radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, and medications (including hormone therapy). Their side effects can include weight gain, lower libidos, fatigue and urinary incontinence. The side effects can be very upsetting to patients but there are many ways to help manage them.

Some men for example who experience erectile problems after treatments may be able to get erections with the help of medications, injections, or surgeries (such as penile implants).

Extra Affection Can Help

At a stressful time like this it’s important to focus on your relationship as a couple. Kisses and hugs and physical touch are good ways to keep the feeling of being connected. Even extra eye contact can help couples feel more in touch with each other.

Intimacy Can Come in Many Forms

During and after treatments sex may have to take a backseat and that’s to be expected. There are many ways to be sexual and couples just have to be open to new ways of looking at this issue.

There Are Pros Who Can Help

A couple’s therapist can help you and your partner if you are having trouble with sexual or emotional closeness when you’re dealing with cancer. Many men are reluctant to see a therapist, but it can be an important part of the whole treatment process/plan.

Keep The Faith It Will Get Better

Even you and your partner struggle with your relationship at times, patients need to realize that in the majority of cases it does get better and their relationship with their spouse does not have to deteriorate. In fact, when asked after treatment is finished, many couples say that dealing with prostate cancer has made their relationship stronger than ever.

Making the Choice: Advanced Prostate Cancer Treatments

Today patients have many choices on how to treat their advanced prostate cancer. There are many new therapies that have been approved by the FDA in the last few years and more are in development for the future. It can be challenging to decide which treatment to choose.

When patients are deciding on their course of action there a many important things to consider.

What are the Possible Side Effects?

As patients weight their options they need to consider their quality of life. It’s important to discuss the risks and benefits of each possible treatment with your doctor. Ask them to tell you about any side effects that medications may have both long term and short term.

Some drugs have risks such as muscle weakness or nausea. It is important to weigh those side effects against the benefits of that particular drug.

Take a Good Look at the Costs

Don’t hesitate to ask your doctor about the cost of certain treatments. Doctors understand that patients are very worried about the cost of care. Your doctor might not initially bring up the subject, but you can initiate the conversation by saying something like “Is there any way I can get an estimate on the costs of my cancer treatment before we start it?” Your doctor should be glad to help address these valid concerns.

Consider Your Family History

Doctors always ask whether prostate cancer runs in the family. And for good reason. The family history can influence the treatment plan that they suggest for you. For instance, a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine determined that more than 10% of men with advanced prostate cancer have a genetic mutation that raises the chance of having cancer.

Schedule of Treatment

You need to carefully consider how the treatment you choose affects might your daily routine. Questions like these are very relevant:
• Will I need to leave work/take vacation time early to get treatment?
• What will the arrangements be for transportation to get to and from the treatment center?
• If you have a caregiver, determine whether the treatment works with their job and schedule.

There is no treatment available, no matter how advanced it is, that will work if you don’t stick to it/remain compliant to the schedule. Some treatments have schedules that are more flexible than others so discuss that with your doctor.

Carefully Factor in Any Additional Health Problems You May Have

Many times your overall health will determine how well you handle a particular treatment. 66 is the average age of prostate cancer diagnosis in the U.S. Men with advanced prostate cancer are on average, about 10 years older when they get diagnosed. During your mid 70’s and later, patients are more likely to have long-term health conditions like diabetes and heart disease. These conditions can complicate cancer treatment.

Determine the Level of Your Personal Support Network

When you need treatment for prostate cancer, ask for help and support. Tell your family and friends and let them give you some assistance. That kind of help can be invaluable. You can also hire reliable staff that can be of aid. Your doctor or a staff member at the clinic may know about local organizations that offer discounted home care services.